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+0.9% and +1.1% respectively compared with the fourth quarter of 2023
Overview
In the fourth quarter of 2024, seasonally adjusted GDP remained stable in the euro area and increased by 0.1% in the EU, compared with the previous quarter, according to a preliminary flash estimate published by Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Union. In the third quarter of 2024, GDP had grown by 0.4% in both areas.
According to a first estimation of annual growth for 2024, based on seasonally and calendar adjusted quarterly data, GDP increased by 0.7% in the euro area and by 0.8% in the EU.
These preliminary GDP flash estimates are based on data sources that are incomplete and subject to further revisions.
Compared with the same quarter of the previous year, seasonally adjusted GDP increased by 0.9% in the euro area and by 1.1% in the EU in the fourth quarter of 2024, after +0.9% in the euro area and +1.0% in the EU in the previous quarter.
Among the Member States for which data are available for the fourth quarter of 2024, Portugal (+1.5%) recorded the highest increase compared to the previous quarter, followed by Lithuania (+0.9%) and Spain (+0.8%). Declines were recorded in Ireland (-1.3%), Germany (-0.2%) and France (-0.1%). The year on year growth rates were positive for nine countries and negative for three.
Table
|
Published growth rates of GDP in volume up to 2024Q4 (based on seasonally adjusted* data) |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Percentage change compared with the previous quarter |
Percentage change compared with the same quarter of the previous year |
|||||||
|
2024Q1 |
2024Q2 |
2024Q3 |
2024Q4 |
2024Q1 |
2024Q2 |
2024Q3 |
2024Q4 |
|
|
Euro area |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.4 |
0.0 |
0.4 |
0.5 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
|
EU |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.4 |
0.1 |
0.6 |
0.8 |
1.0 |
1.1 |
|
Belgium |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.8 |
0.9 |
1.2 |
1.1 |
|
Czechia |
0.4 |
0.2 |
0.5 |
c |
0.5 |
0.5 |
1.4 |
c |
|
Germany |
0.2 |
-0.3 |
0.1 |
-0.2 |
-0.1 |
-0.2 |
-0.3 |
-0.2 |
|
Estonia |
-0.2 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
-1.4 |
-1.1 |
-0.6 |
-0.1 |
|
Ireland |
0.6 |
-0.3 |
3.5 |
-1.3 |
-4.2 |
-3.2 |
2.5 |
2.5 |
|
Spain |
1.0 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
2.7 |
3.3 |
3.5 |
3.5 |
|
France |
0.1 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
-0.1 |
1.4 |
1.0 |
1.2 |
0.7 |
|
Italy |
0.4 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.3 |
0.7 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
|
Lithuania |
1.1 |
0.3 |
1.2 |
0.9 |
2.7 |
1.5 |
2.4 |
3.6 |
|
Hungary |
0.5 |
-0.2 |
-0.6 |
0.5 |
1.6 |
1.2 |
-0.7 |
0.2 |
|
Austria |
0.2 |
-0.2 |
-0.1 |
0.0 |
-1.5 |
-1.4 |
-0.8 |
-0.2 |
|
Portugal |
0.6 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
1.5 |
1.4 |
1.6 |
2.0 |
2.7 |
|
Sweden** |
0.6 |
0.0 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.4 |
0.7 |
1.1 |
The next estimates for the fourth quarter of 2024 will be released on 14 February 2025.
Notes for users
Revisions
The reliability of GDP flash estimates was tested by dedicated working groups and revisions of subsequent estimates are continuously monitored. Further information can be found on Eurostat website.
With this preliminary flash estimate, euro area and EU GDP figures for earlier quarters are not revised.
All figures presented in this release may be revised with the GDP t+45 flash estimate scheduled for 14 February 2025 and subsequently by Eurostat’s regular estimates of GDP and main aggregates (including employment) scheduled for 7 March 2025 and 16 April 2025.
The preliminary flash estimate of GDP growth for the fourth quarter of 2024 presented in this release is based on the data of 19 Member States, covering 96% of euro area GDP and 94% of EU GDP.
Release schedule
Comprehensive estimates of European main aggregates (including GDP and employment) are based on countries regular transmissions and published around 65 and 110 days after the end of each quarter. To improve the timeliness of key indicators, Eurostat also publishes flash estimates for GDP (after around 30 and 45 days) and employment (after around 45 days). Their compilation is based on estimates provided by EU Member States on a voluntary basis.
This news release presents preliminary flash estimates for euro area and EU after around 30 days.
Methods and definitions
European quarterly national accounts are compiled in accordance with the European System of Accounts 2010 (ESA 2010).
Gross domestic product (GDP) at market prices measures the production activity of resident production units. Growth rates are based on chain-linked volumes.
Two statistical working papers present the preliminary GDP flash methodology for the European estimates and Member States estimates.
The method used for compilation of European GDP is the same as for previous releases.
The first estimation of annual growth for 2024 is derived by dividing the sum of the four quarters of 2024 by the sum of the four quarters of 2023. The quarterly values are expressed in millions of euro (chain-linked volumes) and include a correction for seasonal and calendar effects. The first regular estimates for annual growth in 2024 will be published on 7 March 2025.
Geographical information
Euro area (EA20): Belgium, Germany, Estonia, Ireland, Greece, Spain, France, Croatia, Italy, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Austria, Portugal, Slovenia, Slovakia and Finland.
European Union (EU27): Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechia, Denmark, Germany, Estonia, Ireland, Greece, Spain, France, Croatia, Italy, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Hungary, Malta, the Netherlands, Austria, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Slovakia, Finland and Sweden.
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Used to reference possible vertical headers * @returns A string containing the list of header ids split by spaces */ function getHeaderLinks(rows, index, colSpan, firstCell) { /** It will contain the header ids */ let links = ”; /** We add the reference of the vertical header if there is */ if (index > 0 && firstCell.className.indexOf(‘vertical-header’) > -1) { links = firstCell.id; } /** We go through the list of header rows */ for (const headers of rows) { /** Accumulates the colspan of the checked headers */ let sumColSpan = 0; /** We go through the list of headers for the specific header row */ for (const header of headers) { /** We check that the index of the cell belongs to a specific column */ if (index >= sumColSpan && index chartObj.resize()).observe(chartDiv); } } /** * Customizes the chart by applying custom events, axis formats, tooltips, and axis labels. * @param option – The chart options object. */ function customChartOptions(option) { setClickableDatasourceLinks(option); setAxisFormatter(option); setTooltipFormatter(option); } /** * Attaches event handlers to a chart: ‘legendselectchanged’. * * @param {Chart} chart – The chart object. */ function addEventHandlers(chart) { /** Attach an event handler for the ‘legendselectchanged’ event */ chart.on(‘legendselectchanged’, (event) => { /** Call the onChartLegendSelected function with the event and chart object */ onChartLegendSelected(event, chart); }); } /** * Handles the legend selected changed event of the chart. * @param {any} event – The event object containing the selected legend items. * @param {any} chart – The chart object. */ function onChartLegendSelected(event, chart) { /** Get the selected legend items */ const selected = event.selected; /** Count the number of selected legend items */ const selectedCount = Object.values(selected).filter(Boolean).length; /** If all legend items are deselected, keep the selection on the last clicked item */ if (selectedCount === 0) { selected[event.name] = true; } /** Update the legend selection */ chart.setOption({ legend: { selected: selected } }); } /** * Attaches custom events to the provided option object. * * @param {object} option – The option object to attach custom events to. */ function setClickableDatasourceLinks(option) { /** If the table has datasource link */ if (option.graphic && option.graphic.length >= 3) { /** Attach an onclick event handler to the third element of the graphic array (datasource links) */ option.graphic[2].onclick = function (event) { /** If the element has a link defined in its style */ if (this.style?.link) { /** Open the link in a new tab/window */ window.open(this.style.link, ‘_blank’); } }; } } /** * Sets the default axis formatter for axis labels. * @param {object} option – The option object to update the axis formatter * */ function setAxisFormatter(option) { /** The default unit used in axis labels */ const defaultUnit = ‘%’; /** If the yAxis are used as values */ if (option.yAxis.type === ‘value’) { /** If the yAxis unit is not defined, set % as default */ option.yAxis.axisLabel.unit = option.yAxis.axisLabel.unit ? option.yAxis.axisLabel.unit : defaultUnit; /** If the yAxis label padding is not defined, set 15 as default suffix */ option.yAxis.axisLabel.padding = option.yAxis?.axisLabel?.padding ? option.yAxis.axisLabel.padding : 15; /** Use the custom formatter */ option.yAxis.axisLabel.formatter = (value) => customAxisFormatter(option.lang, value, option.yAxis.axisLabel.unit, parseInt(option.yAxis.axisLabel.decimals)); // Use the custom formatter } /** If the xAxis are used as values */ if (option.xAxis.type === ‘value’) { /** If the xAxis unit is not defined, set % as default */ option.xAxis.axisLabel.unit = option.xAxis.axisLabel.unit ? option.xAxis.axisLabel.unit : defaultUnit; /** Use the custom formatter */ option.xAxis.axisLabel.formatter = (value) => customAxisFormatter(option.lang, value, option.xAxis.axisLabel.unit, parseInt(option.xAxis.axisLabel.decimals)); } /** If xAxis type is category */ else if (option.xAxis.type === ‘category’) { boldCountries(option); } } /** * Formats a numeric value with a specified unit and decimal precision. * * @param {number} value – The numeric value to be formatted. * @param {string} unit – The unit to be appended to the formatted value. * @param {number} decimals – The number of decimal places to round the value to. * @returns {string} The formatted string representation of the value with unit. */ function customAxisFormatter(lang, value, unit, decimals) { /** * Check the language and format the value accordingly. * For French (fr) and German (de), use commas instead of dots. * For other languages (en), use the default format with dots. */ const formattedValue = lang === ‘fr’ || lang === ‘de’ ? `${value.toFixed(decimals).replace(‘.’, ‘,’)}${unit}` : `${value.toFixed(decimals)}${unit}`; return formattedValue; } /** * Enriches the x-axis labels with formatting based on certain values. * If EU and Euro Area are included, those must be written in bold * @remarks * This function enriches the x-axis labels with formatting based on certain values, such as making “EU” and “Euro Area” bold. * @param {object} option – The option object to set bold countries to. */ function boldCountries(option) { option.xAxis.axisLabel.formatter = function (v) { /** Convert input string to lowercase for case-insensitive comparison */ const lowerCaseV = v ? v.toLowerCase() : ”; /** Check for specific label values and format them accordingly, check for “EU” or “UE” */ if (lowerCaseV === “eu” || lowerCaseV === “ue”) { // return `{eu|${v}}`; } /** Check for “Euro Area”, “Euroraum”, or “Zone Euro” */ else if (lowerCaseV === “euro area” || lowerCaseV === “euroraum” || lowerCaseV === “zone euro”) { return `{euroArea|${v}}`; } return v; }; /** Set the rich property of the axis label to apply the bold formatting */ option.xAxis.axisLabel.rich = { eu: { fontWeight: “bold”, }, euroArea: { fontWeight: “bold” } }; } /** * Handles formatting the tooltip decimal convention in the graphic. * @remarks * This function formats the tooltip based on the language and decimal convention. * * @param {object} option – The option object to add custom tooltip. */ function setTooltipFormatter(option) { /** * Tooltip formatter for ECharts. * @param {object[]} params – Parameters for the tooltip formatter. * @param {string} params[].name – Name of the x-axis value. * @param {string} params[].seriesName – Name of the series. * @param {number} params[].value – Value of the data point. * @param {string} params[].color – Color of the series. * @param {string} ticket – Ticket for the callback. * @param {Function} callback – Callback function. * @returns {string} – Formatted tooltip content. */ option.tooltip.formatter = function (params, ticket, callback) { /** Retrieve the x-axis value for the tooltip */ const xAxisValue = params[0].name; /** If xAxisValue is empty, return null to hide the tooltip */ if (!xAxisValue) { return null; } /** Create the tooltip content container with a white background and padding */ let tooltipContent = ”; /** Add the x-axis value to the tooltip content */ /** @type {string} XAxis */ tooltipContent += ” + xAxisValue + ‘]]>‘; /** Retrieve the order from the tooltip option */ const sortOrder = option.tooltip.order; /** Sort the ‘params’ array based on the ‘sortOrder’ parameter. */ switch (sortOrder) { /** Sort by series name in ascending order. */ case ‘seriesAsc’: params = params.sort((a, b) => a.seriesName.localeCompare(b.seriesName)); break; /** Sort by series name in descending order. */ case ‘seriesDesc’: params = params.sort((a, b) => b.seriesName.localeCompare(a.seriesName)); break; /** Sort by numerical value in ascending order. */ case ‘valueAsc’: params = params.sort((a, b) => parseFloat(a.value) – parseFloat(b.value)); break; /** Sort by numerical value in descending order. */ case ‘valueDesc’: params = params.sort((a, b) => parseFloat(b.value) – parseFloat(a.value)); break; /** Reverse the current order. */ case ‘reverse’: params.reverse(); break; default: break; } /** Iterate over each series in the tooltip parameters */ for (const param of params) { /** Retrieve the name and value of the current series */ let seriesName = param.seriesName; let value = param.value; /** Replace every specific apostrphe by simple one. */ seriesName = seriesName.replaceAll(“’”, “‘”); /** Convert the numeric value to its string representation. */ const strValue = String(value); /** Retrieve the axis used as value */ const axis = option.yAxis.type === ‘value’ ? option.yAxis : option.xAxis; /** Initialize the number of decimal places */ let decimals = option.tooltip.decimals; /** Check if decimals configuration is set to default and the value contains decimal places */ if (!decimals && strValue.indexOf(‘.’) > -1) { /** Calculate the number of decimal places */ decimals = strValue.substring(strValue.indexOf(‘.’), strValue.length – 1).length; } else { /** If there are no decimal places, format the value with 1 decimal place */ decimals = decimals || 1; /** Convert the value to a fixed-point notation string with a specified number of decimal places. */ value = Number(value).toFixed(decimals); } /** Convert -0 value to 0 with the specified or calculated number of decimal places.*/ if (Number(value) == -0) { value = (Number(value) + 0).toFixed(decimals); } /** Extract the unit from within the axis label */ const unit = axis.axisLabel.unit ? axis.axisLabel.unit : ”; /** Format the value using the appropriate number of decimal places */ if (isNaN(value)) { value = ‘N/A’; } else { value = Number(value).toLocaleString(option.lang ? option.lang : ‘en’, { minimumFractionDigits: decimals }) + unit; } /** Retrieve the color of the current series */ const color = param.color; /** * Add the series name and value to the tooltip content * Use a circle icon with the series color */ tooltipContent += ‘
‘ + ” + ” + ” + seriesName + ” + ” + ” + value + ” + ‘
‘; } /** Close the tooltip content container */ tooltipContent += ”; /** Return the formatted tooltip content */ return tooltipContent; } } /* * This content is licensed according to the W3C Software License at * https://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/2015/copyright-software-and-document * * File: sortable-table.js * * Desc: Adds sorting to a HTML data table that implements ARIA Authoring Practices */ class SortableTable { constructor(tableNode) { this.tableNode = tableNode; this.columnHeaders = tableNode.querySelectorAll(‘thead th.sortable’); this.sortColumns = []; for (let i = 0; i b.value ? -1 : 1; } } else if (isNumber) { return a.value – b.value; } else { return a.value
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{ if (document.querySelector(selector)) { return resolve(document.querySelector(selector)); } const observer = new MutationObserver(mutations => { if (document.querySelector(selector)) { resolve(document.querySelector(selector)); observer.disconnect(); } }); observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true }); }); } waitForElm(‘div.chart’).then((elm) => { // Has to be run after cool-ngx-editor.js script that is tweeking the charts const elements = document.getElementsByClassName(“chart”); for (let i = 0; i < elements.length; i++) { let div = document.createElement('div'); div.id = "share-chart-" + i; div.style = "position: absolute; right: 0; z-index: 50;"; elements[i].prepend(div); let script = document.createElement('script'); script.type = "application/json"; let url = new URL(window.location.href); url.searchParams.set('item', 'chart'); url.searchParams.set('id', i); let code = '{"service": "sbkm", "version": "2.0", "popup": false, "icon": true, "more" : ["facebook", "x", "linkedin", "email"], "renderTo": "' + div.id + '", "to": ["more"], "target": true, "link": "' + url.href + '", "via": "EU_Eurostat", "title": "' + getJournalArticleTitle() + '"}'; try { script.appendChild(document.createTextNode(code)); } catch (e) { s.text = code; } elements[i].parentNode.insertBefore(script, elements[i].nextSibling); } }); // Add share button to tables $(document).ready(function() { // Has to be run after cool-ngx-editor.js script that is tweeking the tables const tables = document.getElementsByTagName("table"); for (let i = 0; i position) { await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, 500)); // Wait a bit so that it doesn’t scroll too far allItems[position].scrollIntoView(true); } } });;}());]]>