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81.6% of GDP in EU
Overview
At the end of the third quarter of 2024, the general government gross debt to GDP ratio in the euro area (EA20) stood at 88.2% and remained unchanged compared to the end of the second quarter of 2024. In the EU, the ratio also remained unchanged and stood at 81.6%.
Compared with the third quarter of 2023, while the government debt to GDP ratio slightly decreased in the euro area (from 88.4% to 88.2%), a slight increase was observed in the EU (from 81.5% to 81.6%).
At the end of the third quarter of 2024, the general governmentdebt was made up of 84.0% debt securities in the euro area and 83.6% in the EU, 13.4% loans in the euro area and 13.9% in the EU and 2.6% currency and deposits in the euro area and 2.5% in the EU.
Due to the involvement of EU Member States’ governments in lending to certain Member States, quarterly data on intergovernmental lending (IGL) are also published. The IGL as percentage of GDP at the end of the third quarter of 2024 stood at 1.5% in the euro area and at 1.3% in the EU.
These data are released by Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Union.
|
Euro area and EU general government gross debt |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2023Q3 |
2024Q2p |
2024Q3p |
||
|
Euro area |
||||
|
(million euro) |
12 737 312 |
13 098 687 |
13 228 656 |
|
|
(% of GDP) |
88.4 |
88.2 |
88.2 |
|
|
(million euro) |
358 574 |
333 616 |
337 446 |
|
|
(% of total debt) |
2.8 |
2.5 |
2.6 |
|
|
(million euro) |
10 629 673 |
11 002 568 |
11 116 780 |
|
|
(% of total debt) |
83.5 |
84.0 |
84.0 |
|
|
(million euro) |
1 749 064 |
1 762 503 |
1 774 431 |
|
|
(% of total debt) |
13.7 |
13.5 |
13.4 |
|
|
(million euro) |
229 818 |
224 235 |
224 314 |
|
|
(% of GDP) |
1.6 |
1.5 |
1.5 |
|
|
EU |
|
|
|
|
|
(million euro) |
13 823 261 |
14 304 751 |
14 479 047 |
|
|
(% of GDP) |
81.5 |
81.6 |
81.6 |
|
|
(million euro) |
382 547 |
358 252 |
363 761 |
|
|
(% of total debt) |
2.8 |
2.5 |
2.5 |
|
|
(million euro) |
11 487 058 |
11 951 250 |
12 103 289 |
|
|
(% of total debt) |
83.1 |
83.5 |
83.6 |
|
|
(million euro) |
1 953 654 |
1 995 250 |
2 011 998 |
|
|
(% of total debt) |
14.1 |
13.9 |
13.9 |
|
|
(million euro) |
229 818 |
224 235 |
224 314 |
|
|
(% of GDP) |
1.4 |
1.3 |
1.3 |
Government debt at the end of the third quarter of 2024 by Member State
The highest ratios of government debt to GDP at the end of the third quarter of 2024 were recorded in Greece (158.2%), Italy (136.3%), France (113.8%), Belgium (105.6%) and Spain (104.3%), and the lowest were recorded in Estonia (24.0%), Bulgaria (24.6%) and Luxembourg (26.6%).
Compared with the second quarter of 2024, thirteen Member States registered an increase in their debt to GDP ratio at the end of the third quarter of 2024, and fourteen registered a decrease. The largest increases in the ratio were observed in Bulgaria (+2.4 percentage points – pp), Romania (+2.0 pp), Finland and France (both +1.4 pp), Latvia (+1.3 pp), Poland (+1.2 pp) and Czechia and Lithuania (both +1.0 pp). The largest decreases were recorded in Portugal (-3.2 pp), Slovenia (-2.6 pp), Greece (-1.8 pp), Malta and the Netherlands (-1.1 pp), as well as Spain (-1.0 pp).
Compared with the third quarter of 2023, sixteen Member States registered an increase in their debt to GDP ratio at the end of the third quarter of 2024, eleven Member States registered a decrease. The largest increases in the ratio were recorded in Finland (+6.7 pp), Estonia (+5.3 pp), Poland (+4.9 pp), Austria (+4.6 pp), Romania and Bulgaria (both +3.6 pp), and Latvia (+3.5 pp). The largest decreases were observed in Greece (-10.0 pp), Portugal (-8.8 pp), Cyprus (-5.4 pp), Slovenia (-4.1 pp), Croatia (-3.6 pp), Spain (-3.1 pp), the Netherlands (-2.3 pp), Malta (-1.8 pp) and Germany (-1.4 pp).
Tables
|
General government gross debt by Member State |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
General government gross debt |
|||||||||
|
Millions of national currency |
% of GDP |
Difference in pp of GDP 2024Q3p compared with: |
|||||||
|
2023Q3 |
2024Q2p |
2024Q3p |
2023Q3 |
2024Q2p |
2024Q3p |
2023Q3 |
2024Q2p |
||
|
EUR |
12 737 312 |
13 098 687 |
13 228 656 |
88.4 |
88.2 |
88.2 |
-0.2 |
0.0 |
|
|
EUR |
13 823 261 |
14 304 751 |
14 479 047 |
81.5 |
81.6 |
81.6 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
|
|
EUR |
623 073 |
643 419 |
643 091 |
105.3 |
106.6 |
105.6 |
0.4 |
-0.9 |
|
|
BGN |
38 055 |
42 808 |
48 736 |
20.9 |
22.1 |
24.6 |
3.6 |
2.4 |
|
|
CZK |
3 214 054 |
3 321 305 |
3 449 937 |
42.8 |
42.7 |
43.6 |
0.8 |
1.0 |
|
|
DKK |
968 875 |
957 639 |
966 430 |
34.3 |
33.9 |
33.6 |
-0.7 |
-0.3 |
|
|
EUR |
2 637 724 |
2 634 221 |
2 671 297 |
63.8 |
61.9 |
62.4 |
-1.4 |
0.4 |
|
|
EUR |
7 092 |
9 162 |
9 340 |
18.7 |
23.8 |
24.0 |
5.3 |
0.2 |
|
|
EUR |
222 598 |
216 681 |
217 427 |
43.0 |
42.7 |
42.2 |
-0.8 |
-0.5 |
|
|
EUR |
371 483 |
369 416 |
370 865 |
168.1 |
160.0 |
158.2 |
-10.0 |
-1.8 |
|
|
EUR |
1 578 812 |
1 626 063 |
1 636 116 |
107.4 |
105.3 |
104.3 |
-3.1 |
-1.0 |
|
|
EUR |
3 097 311 |
3 231 282 |
3 302 984 |
111.5 |
112.4 |
113.8 |
2.4 |
1.4 |
|
|
EUR |
47 969 |
49 118 |
49 978 |
63.3 |
60.0 |
59.7 |
-3.6 |
-0.4 |
|
|
EUR |
2 849 723 |
2 952 897 |
2 961 375 |
135.5 |
136.9 |
136.3 |
0.8 |
-0.6 |
|
|
EUR |
23 179 |
22 852 |
22 886 |
75.1 |
70.5 |
69.7 |
-5.4 |
-0.8 |
|
|
EUR |
16 833 |
18 192 |
18 852 |
44.2 |
46.4 |
47.7 |
3.5 |
1.3 |
|
|
EUR |
26 557 |
28 343 |
29 513 |
36.7 |
37.4 |
38.4 |
1.7 |
1.0 |
|
|
EUR |
20 293 |
21 753 |
21 842 |
25.8 |
26.8 |
26.6 |
0.8 |
-0.2 |
|
|
HUF |
54 372 393 |
59 557 092 |
60 610 575 |
74.6 |
75.8 |
76.0 |
1.3 |
0.2 |
|
|
EUR |
9 420 |
10 084 |
10 035 |
47.1 |
46.4 |
45.3 |
-1.8 |
-1.1 |
|
|
EUR |
468 102 |
475 965 |
470 273 |
44.5 |
43.3 |
42.2 |
-2.3 |
-1.1 |
|
|
EUR |
369 771 |
394 819 |
398 404 |
78.6 |
82.9 |
83.2 |
4.6 |
0.4 |
|
|
PLN |
1 624 462 |
1 824 470 |
1 897 121 |
48.6 |
52.3 |
53.5 |
4.9 |
1.2 |
|
|
EUR |
278 795 |
276 719 |
272 176 |
106.3 |
100.7 |
97.5 |
-8.8 |
-3.2 |
|
|
RON |
759 655 |
860 398 |
916 404 |
49.5 |
51.1 |
53.1 |
3.6 |
2.0 |
|
|
EUR |
44 212 |
45 468 |
44 245 |
71.0 |
69.5 |
66.9 |
-4.1 |
-2.6 |
|
|
EUR |
69 750 |
76 906 |
77 469 |
58.3 |
60.4 |
60.3 |
2.0 |
-0.1 |
|
|
EUR |
204 421 |
219 549 |
224 790 |
74.8 |
80.1 |
81.5 |
6.7 |
1.4 |
|
|
SEK |
1 859 081 |
1 999 754 |
2 018 091 |
30.2 |
31.6 |
31.6 |
1.4 |
0.1 |
|
|
NOK |
1 852 664 |
2 228 685 |
2 194 516 |
35.6 |
43.4 |
: |
: |
: |
|
General government gross debt by Member State |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Components of government debt, in % of GDP |
IGL (assets) |
||||
|
Currency and deposits |
Debt Securities |
Loans |
% of GDP |
||
|
2024Q3p |
2024Q3p |
2024Q3p |
2024Q3p |
||
|
EUR |
2.2 |
74.1 |
11.8 |
1.5 |
|
|
EUR |
2.1 |
68.3 |
11.3 |
1.3 |
|
|
EUR |
0.3 |
90.7 |
14.7 |
1.4 |
|
|
BGN |
– |
21.0 |
3.5 |
0.0 |
|
|
CZK |
0.4 |
39.9 |
3.3 |
0.0 |
|
|
DKK |
0.7 |
30.6 |
2.3 |
0.0 |
|
|
EUR |
0.4 |
49.4 |
12.5 |
1.5 |
|
|
EUR |
0.2 |
13.8 |
10.0 |
1.2 |
|
|
EUR |
5.0 |
28.1 |
9.1 |
0.0 |
|
|
EUR |
3.1 |
40.4 |
114.7 |
0.0 |
|
|
EUR |
0.3 |
93.4 |
10.6 |
1.8 |
|
|
EUR |
1.5 |
101.9 |
10.4 |
1.7 |
|
|
EUR |
0.1 |
42.5 |
17.1 |
0.0 |
|
|
EUR |
8.5 |
114.1 |
13.7 |
2.0 |
|
|
EUR |
0.5 |
42.1 |
27.1 |
1.0 |
|
|
EUR |
1.4 |
41.7 |
4.7 |
0.0 |
|
|
EUR |
0.2 |
31.2 |
7.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
EUR |
0.4 |
21.9 |
4.3 |
0.8 |
|
|
HUF |
0.6 |
66.5 |
8.9 |
0.0 |
|
|
EUR |
2.0 |
39.0 |
4.4 |
1.0 |
|
|
EUR |
0.2 |
35.5 |
6.5 |
1.2 |
|
|
EUR |
0.4 |
74.0 |
8.8 |
1.4 |
|
|
PLN |
0.3 |
40.1 |
13.2 |
0.0 |
|
|
EUR |
16.6 |
56.5 |
24.4 |
0.3 |
|
|
RON |
1.0 |
44.9 |
7.2 |
0.0 |
|
|
EUR |
0.3 |
57.8 |
8.8 |
1.7 |
|
|
EUR |
0.1 |
53.6 |
6.7 |
1.5 |
|
|
EUR |
0.3 |
61.4 |
19.8 |
1.6 |
|
|
SEK |
2.7 |
17.9 |
11.1 |
0.0 |
|
|
NOK |
: |
: |
: |
– |
Notes for users
Methods and definitions
Quarterly data on government debt are collected from the Member States according to European System of Accounts (ESA 2010), see Annex B, ESA 2010 transmission programme, and refer to the Maastricht debt definition, used in the context of the Excessive Deficit Procedure (EDP). Annual EDP data, next to be notified in April 2025, are the subject of a thorough verification by Eurostat.
The general government gross debt is defined as the consolidated gross debt of the whole general government sector outstanding at the end of the quarter (at face value). General government debt consists of liabilities of general government in the following financial instruments: currency and deposits (AF.2), debt securities (AF.3) and loans (AF.4), as defined in ESA 2010.
The debt to GDP ratio is calculated for each quarter using the sum of quarterly GDP for the four last quarters. Quarterly data on GDP are the most recent ones transmitted by the EU Member States. While quarterly debt figures are consistent with annual debt figures at coinciding publications, differences between quarterly and annual data occur at non-coinciding publications. Differences between annual and quarterly GDP figures also occur.
For the purpose of proper consolidation of general government debt and to provide users with information, Eurostat publishes data on government loans (IGL) to other EU governments. The concepts and definitions are based on ESA 2010 and on the rules relating to the statistics for the EDP. The data covered is the stock of loans related to claims on other EU Member States, including loans made through the European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF). The valuation basis is the stock of loans at face value outstanding at end of each quarter. From the first quarter of 2011 onwards, the intergovernmental lending figures relate mainly to lending to Greece, Ireland and Portugal and include loans made by the EFSF. A methodological change as regards the statistical recording of deferred interest on EFSF loans affecting the face value of general government gross debt was implemented by Greece, following Eurostat’s advice. This change also affected the EFSF guarantors.
For stock data such as general government debt, end of period exchange rates are used in the compilation of the EU aggregates. For flow data, such as GDP, average exchange rates are used. The EU aggregates, denominated in euro, can fluctuate as a result of exchange rate movements between the euro and other EU currencies.
All quarterly government finance statistics data for the first, second and third quarter of 2024 have been labelled provisional. Country-specific metadata are published.
Geographical Information
Euro area (EA20): Belgium, Germany, Estonia, Ireland, Greece, Spain, France, Croatia, Italy, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Austria, Portugal, Slovenia, Slovakia and Finland.
European Union (EU27): Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechia, Denmark, Germany, Estonia, Ireland, Greece, Spain, France, Croatia, Italy, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Hungary, Malta, the Netherlands, Austria, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Slovakia, Finland and Sweden.
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} } /** We remove the row from within the tables as now it’s out in the caption */ rowsToRemove.push(rowIndex); } /** * Adds the row as a datalabel * @param {*} row – The current row * @param {*} datalabels – List of datalabels * @param {*} rowIndex – The index of current row * @param {*} rowsToRemove – Array containing the index of the rows to be removed */ function addDatalabels(row, datalabels, rowIndex, rowsToRemove) { datalabels.push(row); /** We remove the row from within the tables as now it’s out in the caption */ rowsToRemove.push(rowIndex); } /** * Adds the notes and logo * @param {*} row – The current row * @param {*} footer – The footer of the table * @param {*} rowIndex – The index of current row * @param {*} rowsToRemove – Array containing the index of the rows to be removed */ function addFooter(row, footer, rowIndex, rowsToRemove) { /** We create a div element for notes and logo */ const notes = document.createElement(‘div’); notes.classList.add(‘footer-element’, ‘notes’); /** We add the content to the new note element */ notes.innerHTML = row.firstElementChild.innerHTML; /** We create a footer to place notes, datasource and logo */ footer.appendChild(notes); /** We remove the row from within the tables as now it’s out in the footer */ rowsToRemove.push(rowIndex); } /** * Deletes the rows which data has been moved to either caption, tHead or footer * @param {*} table – The current table * @param {*} rowsToRemove – Array containing the index of the rows to be removed */ function deleteRows(table, rowsToRemove) { /** We go through the title rows and append them to the caption element */ for (let j = rowsToRemove.length – 1; j >= 0; j–) { table.deleteRow(rowsToRemove[j]); } } /** * Adds the caption to the table. * @param {*} caption – The caption dom element * @param {*} captionContent – The content of the caption */ function addTableCaption(caption, captionContent) { /** We go through the Caption Content and append the nodes to the caption element */ for (let node of captionContent) { caption.appendChild(node); } } /** * Adds the headers to the table * @param {*} table – The table to make sortable * @param {*} tHead – The thead dom element * @param {*} datalabels – The datalabels to be added (headers) */ function addTableHeaders(table, tHead, dataLabels) { let sortable = false; /** We go through the header rows and append them to the tHead element */ for (let dataLabelRow of dataLabels) { let cells = dataLabelRow.cells; for (let th of cells) { if (th.classList.contains(‘sortable’)) { sortable = true; let button = createNewSortButton(); th.appendChild(button); } } tHead.appendChild(dataLabelRow); } if (sortable) { table.classList.add(‘sortable’); } } function createNewSortButton() { // creates sort button const button = document.createElement(‘button’); button.classList.add(‘ecl-table__arrow’); // creates a generic svg element for the two arrows const svgIconUp = document.createElementNS(‘http://www.w3.org/2000/svg’, ‘svg’); svgIconUp.setAttribute(‘xml:space’, ‘preserve’); svgIconUp.setAttribute(‘viewBox’, ‘0 0 24 24’); svgIconUp.setAttribute(‘enable-background’, ‘new 0 0 24 24’); svgIconUp.setAttribute(‘focusable’, ‘false’); svgIconUp.setAttribute(‘aria-hidden’, ‘true’); svgIconUp.setAttribute(‘class’, ‘ecl-table__icon ecl-icon ecl-icon–m’); // adds path element of the arrow to the arrow svg const pathIconArrow = document.createElementNS(‘http://www.w3.org/2000/svg’, ‘path’); pathIconArrow.setAttribute(‘d’, ‘M7.4 13 11 9.4c.5-.5 1.4-.5 2 0l3.6 3.6c.9.9.2 2.4-1 2.4H8.4c-1.3 0-1.9-1.5-1-2.4’); svgIconUp.appendChild(pathIconArrow); // clones the generic arrow svg including the child path also const svgIconDown = svgIconUp.cloneNode(true); // seups the arrow directions to up and down by extra css classes svgIconUp.classList.add(‘ecl-table__icon-up’); svgIconDown.classList.add(‘ecl-table__icon-down’); // insert the two arrow svg elements into the button button.appendChild(svgIconUp); button.appendChild(svgIconDown); return button; } /** * Places all the elements in their places and wraps the table into a section. * @param {*} section – The section (dom element) which will wrap table and footer * @param {*} table – The table to be wrapped * @param {*} caption – The caption (dom element) to be added to the table * @param {*} tHead – The thead (dom element) to be added to the table * @param {*} tBody – The tbody (dom element) to be added to the table * @param {*} footer – The footer (dom element) to be added to the section */ function wrapInSection(section, table, caption, tHead, tBody, footer) { /** We insert caption and thead before tbody */ table.insertBefore(caption, tBody); table.insertBefore(tHead, tBody); /** We wrap the table into a section */ table.parentNode.insertBefore(section, table); section.appendChild(table); section.appendChild(footer); } /** * Adds ids and header attributes to link every cell to all related headers so that machines can correctly read the figures. * @param {*} table – The table to be wrapped */ function linkHeaders(table) { const headers = getHeaders(table.tHead); const tBody = table.tBodies ? table.tBodies[0] : null; addHeaderLinks(tBody, headers); } function getHeaders(tHead) { const headers = []; if (tHead) { let i = 0; for (let row of tHead.rows) { /** We add a new row in the headers array */ headers.push([]); /** Stores the header ids and colSpan so we can guess to which cells (td) we must add the headers */ let j = 0; for (const cell of row.cells) { cell.setAttribute(‘id’, ‘h_’ + i + ‘_’ + j); headers[i].push({ id: cell.id, colSpan: cell.colSpan ? cell.colSpan : 1 }); j++; } i++; } } return headers; } function addHeaderLinks(tBody, headers) { if (tBody) { let i = 0; for (let row of tBody.rows) { let j = 0; for (const cell of row.cells) { /** If the cell is a vertical header we add its id */ if (cell.className.indexOf(‘vertical-header’) > -1) { cell.setAttribute(‘id’, ‘vh_’ + i + ‘_’ + j); } const headerLinks = getHeaderLinks(headers, j, cell.colSpan, row.cells[0]); cell.setAttribute(‘headers’, headerLinks); j++; } i++; } } } /** * Retrieves the header (ths) ids in order to link them to a specific cell (td) * @param {*} rows – The rows containing all headers * @param {*} index – The index of the specific cell * @param {*} colSpan – The colspan of the specific cell * @param {*} firstCell – The first cell of the row. Used to reference possible vertical headers * @returns A string containing the list of header ids split by spaces */ function getHeaderLinks(rows, index, colSpan, firstCell) { /** It will contain the header ids */ let links = ”; /** We add the reference of the vertical header if there is */ if (index > 0 && firstCell.className.indexOf(‘vertical-header’) > -1) { links = firstCell.id; } /** We go through the list of header rows */ for (const headers of rows) { /** Accumulates the colspan of the checked headers */ let sumColSpan = 0; /** We go through the list of headers for the specific header row */ for (const header of headers) { /** We check that the index of the cell belongs to a specific column */ if (index >= sumColSpan && index chartObj.resize()).observe(chartDiv); } } /** * Customizes the chart by applying custom events, axis formats, tooltips, and axis labels. * @param option – The chart options object. */ function customChartOptions(option) { setClickableDatasourceLinks(option); setAxisFormatter(option); setTooltipFormatter(option); } /** * Attaches event handlers to a chart: ‘legendselectchanged’. * * @param {Chart} chart – The chart object. */ function addEventHandlers(chart) { /** Attach an event handler for the ‘legendselectchanged’ event */ chart.on(‘legendselectchanged’, (event) => { /** Call the onChartLegendSelected function with the event and chart object */ onChartLegendSelected(event, chart); }); } /** * Handles the legend selected changed event of the chart. * @param {any} event – The event object containing the selected legend items. * @param {any} chart – The chart object. */ function onChartLegendSelected(event, chart) { /** Get the selected legend items */ const selected = event.selected; /** Count the number of selected legend items */ const selectedCount = Object.values(selected).filter(Boolean).length; /** If all legend items are deselected, keep the selection on the last clicked item */ if (selectedCount === 0) { selected[event.name] = true; } /** Update the legend selection */ chart.setOption({ legend: { selected: selected } }); } /** * Attaches custom events to the provided option object. * * @param {object} option – The option object to attach custom events to. */ function setClickableDatasourceLinks(option) { /** If the table has datasource link */ if (option.graphic && option.graphic.length >= 3) { /** Attach an onclick event handler to the third element of the graphic array (datasource links) */ option.graphic[2].onclick = function (event) { /** If the element has a link defined in its style */ if (this.style?.link) { /** Open the link in a new tab/window */ window.open(this.style.link, ‘_blank’); } }; } } /** * Sets the default axis formatter for axis labels. * @param {object} option – The option object to update the axis formatter * */ function setAxisFormatter(option) { /** The default unit used in axis labels */ const defaultUnit = ‘%’; /** If the yAxis are used as values */ if (option.yAxis.type === ‘value’) { /** If the yAxis unit is not defined, set % as default */ option.yAxis.axisLabel.unit = option.yAxis.axisLabel.unit ? option.yAxis.axisLabel.unit : defaultUnit; /** If the yAxis label padding is not defined, set 15 as default suffix */ option.yAxis.axisLabel.padding = option.yAxis?.axisLabel?.padding ? option.yAxis.axisLabel.padding : 15; /** Use the custom formatter */ option.yAxis.axisLabel.formatter = (value) => customAxisFormatter(option.lang, value, option.yAxis.axisLabel.unit, parseInt(option.yAxis.axisLabel.decimals)); // Use the custom formatter } /** If the xAxis are used as values */ if (option.xAxis.type === ‘value’) { /** If the xAxis unit is not defined, set % as default */ option.xAxis.axisLabel.unit = option.xAxis.axisLabel.unit ? option.xAxis.axisLabel.unit : defaultUnit; /** Use the custom formatter */ option.xAxis.axisLabel.formatter = (value) => customAxisFormatter(option.lang, value, option.xAxis.axisLabel.unit, parseInt(option.xAxis.axisLabel.decimals)); } /** If xAxis type is category */ else if (option.xAxis.type === ‘category’) { boldCountries(option); } } /** * Formats a numeric value with a specified unit and decimal precision. * * @param {number} value – The numeric value to be formatted. * @param {string} unit – The unit to be appended to the formatted value. * @param {number} decimals – The number of decimal places to round the value to. * @returns {string} The formatted string representation of the value with unit. */ function customAxisFormatter(lang, value, unit, decimals) { /** * Check the language and format the value accordingly. * For French (fr) and German (de), use commas instead of dots. * For other languages (en), use the default format with dots. */ const formattedValue = lang === ‘fr’ || lang === ‘de’ ? `${value.toFixed(decimals).replace(‘.’, ‘,’)}${unit}` : `${value.toFixed(decimals)}${unit}`; return formattedValue; } /** * Enriches the x-axis labels with formatting based on certain values. * If EU and Euro Area are included, those must be written in bold * @remarks * This function enriches the x-axis labels with formatting based on certain values, such as making “EU” and “Euro Area” bold. * @param {object} option – The option object to set bold countries to. */ function boldCountries(option) { option.xAxis.axisLabel.formatter = function (v) { /** Convert input string to lowercase for case-insensitive comparison */ const lowerCaseV = v ? v.toLowerCase() : ”; /** Check for specific label values and format them accordingly, check for “EU” or “UE” */ if (lowerCaseV === “eu” || lowerCaseV === “ue”) { // return `{eu|${v}}`; } /** Check for “Euro Area”, “Euroraum”, or “Zone Euro” */ else if (lowerCaseV === “euro area” || lowerCaseV === “euroraum” || lowerCaseV === “zone euro”) { return `{euroArea|${v}}`; } return v; }; /** Set the rich property of the axis label to apply the bold formatting */ option.xAxis.axisLabel.rich = { eu: { fontWeight: “bold”, }, euroArea: { fontWeight: “bold” } }; } /** * Handles formatting the tooltip decimal convention in the graphic. * @remarks * This function formats the tooltip based on the language and decimal convention. * * @param {object} option – The option object to add custom tooltip. */ function setTooltipFormatter(option) { /** * Tooltip formatter for ECharts. * @param {object[]} params – Parameters for the tooltip formatter. * @param {string} params[].name – Name of the x-axis value. * @param {string} params[].seriesName – Name of the series. * @param {number} params[].value – Value of the data point. * @param {string} params[].color – Color of the series. * @param {string} ticket – Ticket for the callback. * @param {Function} callback – Callback function. * @returns {string} – Formatted tooltip content. */ option.tooltip.formatter = function (params, ticket, callback) { /** Retrieve the x-axis value for the tooltip */ const xAxisValue = params[0].name; /** If xAxisValue is empty, return null to hide the tooltip */ if (!xAxisValue) { return null; } /** Create the tooltip content container with a white background and padding */ let tooltipContent = ”; /** Add the x-axis value to the tooltip content */ /** @type {string} XAxis */ tooltipContent += ” + xAxisValue + ‘]]>‘; /** Retrieve the order from the tooltip option */ const sortOrder = option.tooltip.order; /** Sort the ‘params’ array based on the ‘sortOrder’ parameter. */ switch (sortOrder) { /** Sort by series name in ascending order. */ case ‘seriesAsc’: params = params.sort((a, b) => a.seriesName.localeCompare(b.seriesName)); break; /** Sort by series name in descending order. */ case ‘seriesDesc’: params = params.sort((a, b) => b.seriesName.localeCompare(a.seriesName)); break; /** Sort by numerical value in ascending order. */ case ‘valueAsc’: params = params.sort((a, b) => parseFloat(a.value) – parseFloat(b.value)); break; /** Sort by numerical value in descending order. */ case ‘valueDesc’: params = params.sort((a, b) => parseFloat(b.value) – parseFloat(a.value)); break; /** Reverse the current order. */ case ‘reverse’: params.reverse(); break; default: break; } /** Iterate over each series in the tooltip parameters */ for (const param of params) { /** Retrieve the name and value of the current series */ let seriesName = param.seriesName; let value = param.value; /** Replace every specific apostrphe by simple one. */ seriesName = seriesName.replaceAll(“’”, “‘”); /** Convert the numeric value to its string representation. */ const strValue = String(value); /** Retrieve the axis used as value */ const axis = option.yAxis.type === ‘value’ ? option.yAxis : option.xAxis; /** Initialize the number of decimal places */ let decimals = option.tooltip.decimals; /** Check if decimals configuration is set to default and the value contains decimal places */ if (!decimals && strValue.indexOf(‘.’) > -1) { /** Calculate the number of decimal places */ decimals = strValue.substring(strValue.indexOf(‘.’), strValue.length – 1).length; } else { /** If there are no decimal places, format the value with 1 decimal place */ decimals = decimals || 1; /** Convert the value to a fixed-point notation string with a specified number of decimal places. */ value = Number(value).toFixed(decimals); } /** Convert -0 value to 0 with the specified or calculated number of decimal places.*/ if (Number(value) == -0) { value = (Number(value) + 0).toFixed(decimals); } /** Extract the unit from within the axis label */ const unit = axis.axisLabel.unit ? axis.axisLabel.unit : ”; /** Format the value using the appropriate number of decimal places */ if (isNaN(value)) { value = ‘N/A’; } else { value = Number(value).toLocaleString(option.lang ? option.lang : ‘en’, { minimumFractionDigits: decimals }) + unit; } /** Retrieve the color of the current series */ const color = param.color; /** * Add the series name and value to the tooltip content * Use a circle icon with the series color */ tooltipContent += ‘
‘ + ” + ” + ” + seriesName + ” + ” + ” + value + ” + ‘
‘; } /** Close the tooltip content container */ tooltipContent += ”; /** Return the formatted tooltip content */ return tooltipContent; } } /* * This content is licensed according to the W3C Software License at * https://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/2015/copyright-software-and-document * * File: sortable-table.js * * Desc: Adds sorting to a HTML data table that implements ARIA Authoring Practices */ class SortableTable { constructor(tableNode) { this.tableNode = tableNode; this.columnHeaders = tableNode.querySelectorAll(‘thead th.sortable’); this.sortColumns = []; for (let i = 0; i b.value ? -1 : 1; } } else if (isNumber) { return a.value – b.value; } else { return a.value
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{ if (document.querySelector(selector)) { return resolve(document.querySelector(selector)); } const observer = new MutationObserver(mutations => { if (document.querySelector(selector)) { resolve(document.querySelector(selector)); observer.disconnect(); } }); observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true }); }); } waitForElm(‘div.chart’).then((elm) => { // Has to be run after cool-ngx-editor.js script that is tweeking the charts const elements = document.getElementsByClassName(“chart”); for (let i = 0; i < elements.length; i++) { let div = document.createElement('div'); div.id = "share-chart-" + i; div.style = "position: absolute; right: 0; z-index: 50;"; elements[i].prepend(div); let script = document.createElement('script'); script.type = "application/json"; let url = new URL(window.location.href); url.searchParams.set('item', 'chart'); url.searchParams.set('id', i); let code = '{"service": "sbkm", "version": "2.0", "popup": false, "icon": true, "more" : ["facebook", "x", "linkedin", "email"], "renderTo": "' + div.id + '", "to": ["more"], "target": true, "link": "' + url.href + '", "via": "EU_Eurostat", "title": "' + getJournalArticleTitle() + '"}'; try { script.appendChild(document.createTextNode(code)); } catch (e) { s.text = code; } elements[i].parentNode.insertBefore(script, elements[i].nextSibling); } }); // Add share button to tables $(document).ready(function() { // Has to be run after cool-ngx-editor.js script that is tweeking the tables const tables = document.getElementsByTagName("table"); for (let i = 0; i position) { await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, 500)); // Wait a bit so that it doesn’t scroll too far allItems[position].scrollIntoView(true); } } });;}());]]>