CIIE boosts China’s strategic arsenal comprising opening-up policy and BRI
If global trade is degenerating into a mines-laced economic battlefield, as some think, unilateralism and protectionism find themselves arrayed against multilateralism, a strong sense of justice and fair play, a functional moral compass and a commitment to protecting growth, no matter what, institutional officials and business leaders say.
For example, China has upped its efforts to optimize its industrial structure, launch new trade boosters like the China International Import Expo (which began in Shanghai Nov 5), and bring about tangible transcontinental development through the Belt and Road Initiative, moves aimed at injecting more growth momentum into the troubled global economy.
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A shopper picks imported food products at a shopping mall in Taiyuan, Shanxi province. Zhang Yun / For China Daily |
“China’s foreign trade is set to continue its steady run for the rest of the year as it is on track to reach its annual trade growth target, despite ongoing trade disputes with the United States,” said Li Kuiwen, director-general of the Department of Statistics, which is part of the General Administration of Customs.
Li was referring to China’s trade volume that surged 9.9 percent year-on-year to 22.28 trillion yuan ($3.22 trillion; 6.1 trillion euros; ￡5.4 trillion) in the first three quarters of this year.
Official data showed the almost 10-percent rise was possible due to the country’s diversified trade activities with emerging economies, rapid growth in private companies’ trade, and a surge in trade volume on the back of the BRI.
Li says economic stability and healthy growth in China are good not just for the country but the world as well, because the mainland is a very important part of the global value chain. The BRI has proven to be a win-win proposition for China and the countries and regions participating in it. But it is by no means the country’s first win-win attempt in global trade.
In 1950, when the China Import Co was established, it heralded the country’s broadminded approach to global trade.
In 1951, China Import Co morphed into China Import and Export Co. Its job was to build trade ties with various countries and trade China’s goods, mainly coal, timber, agricultural products, porcelain and silk in the global markets. As it transpired, China Import Co was to be the precursor of Sinochem Group, the State-owned chemical firm.
The six decades since then – a period that saw China adopting the reform and opening-up policy in the last 40 years – have shown that those humble beginnings laid a strong foundation for what is today a manufacturing, services and innovation powerhouse.
That’s not all. China has also emerged as a strong supporter of multilateralism under the framework of the World Trade Organization. This holds the key to future global economic growth, experts have said.
To be sure, the rise of protectionism, and simultaneous fluctuations in the global financial and commodity markets, have hurt China in some areas. But, the fourth-quarter data at the year-end or early next year will likely again confirm the country’s trade-sustaining resilience.
Not just the current quarter, but even in the long run, China’s trade is expected to be underpinned by diversified channels, and commitment to the reform and opening-up policy, said Li Yong, vice-chair of the expert committee at the China Association of International Trade.
He said China has been giving “great importance to risk prevention and steady growth. Its overall leverage level is not very high, but at a moderate level globally”.
Official data showed that China’s imports of major commodities increased in terms of both volume and price in the first three quarters. Foreign shipments of crude oil to China increased by 5.9 percent, natural gas by 34 percent, refined oil by 9.8 percent year-on-year and copper by 16.1 percent year-on-year between January and September.
“The increase in commodity imports indicates that the country’s demand for manufacturing and energy raw materials remains large,” said Li. “After all, the global demand for Chinese goods related to infrastructure, manufacturing, urbanization and modern agricultural sectors has kept growing, especially in countries and regions involved in the Belt and Road Initiative.”
China’s total trade with countries and regions related to the initiative exceeded $5 trillion over the past five years, with an annual average growth of 1.1 percent, in contrast to falling world trade, said Qian Keming, vice-minister of commerce.
The nation’s outbound direct investment has amounted to over $60 billion in economies involved in the BRI, creating over 244,000 local jobs over the past five years. China has become the largest trade partner of 25 partner economies, data from the Ministry of Commerce showed.
“We have seen populism, nationalism and protectionism rising and they inevitably led to intolerance and isolation in recent years. The world must find a new equilibrium to combat poverty and create prosperity for all. The Belt and Road Initiative, in this sense, can be a robust driving force for global economic growth,” said Lothar Herrmann, president of Siemens Ltd China.
While collaboration between Chinese and foreign companies in projects in infrastructure, resources and manufacturing remains key to unlocking the economic development potential of many countries and regions related to the initiative, digital connectivity will create more business opportunities for Chinese and foreign companies in these markets, and in other parts of the world as well, said Vaughn Barber, global chair for KPMG Global China Practice.
“New and cutting-edge technologies are providing a range of new possibilities for Chinese companies, in both traditional and high value-added industries,” Barber said, adding they are helping “boost productivity, further unlock new demand and increase their competitiveness in domestic and global markets”.
Barber’s view is shared by Xin Guobin, vice-minister of industry and information technology. He said China will accelerate the pace of developing high-end manufacturing and digital technologies to further enhance the country’s export capabilities.
China has already taken measures to improve its export structure, with exports of automobiles expanding by 16.3 percent year-on-year and machine tools by 18.7 percent year-on-year between January and September.
Exports of electrical and mechanical products rose by almost 8 percent to 6.91 trillion yuan, accounting for 58 percent of the country’s total export value, according to the GAC.
In addition to maritime transportation, over 10,000 railway trips had marked the China-Europe freight train service from 2011 to the end of August. The freight trains transported nearly 800,000 containers of goods. The cargo rail network so far links 48 Chinese cities with 43 cities in 15 European countries such as Germany, Spain, Poland and the United Kingdom.
“The combination of China’s competitive labor costs and foreign capital and technology since the country’s reform and opening-up drive has helped facilitate its trade growth and secure its pricing advantage,” said Long Guoqiang, vice-president of the Development Research Center, which is part of the State Council, China’s cabinet.
Long said this transformation has also generated handsome returns for foreign companies through both local sales and exports from China.
Because China is omnipresent in the supply chains of many consumer and industrial products across the world, a number of global companies have increased investment in China to sustain robust growth so far this year.
For instance, German chemical giant BASF SE and the US petrochemical group ExxonMobil Corp have signed agreements this year with the Guangdong provincial government to build wholly foreign-owned plants, each entailing an investment of $10 billion.
Tesla Inc, the US technology major, is expected to start the construction of a $2 billion electric vehicle plant in Shanghai before the year-end. The factory will have a projected annual capacity of 500,000 e-vehicles.
Foreign direct investment edged up almost 3 percent year-on-year to 636.7 billion yuan in the first nine months of this year. FDI in high-tech sectors, which accounted for 22.5 percent of the total, climbed almost 7 percent year-on-year, data from the Ministry of Commerce showed.
“After benefiting significantly from the first wave of globalization, China is now starting a new influential trend, by growing its domestic market, and by improving the quality (of goods and services) and environmental requirements, both on the industrial and consumer sides,” said Denis Depoux, one of the top regional executives of German consulting firm Roland Berger.
To better compete with other established rivals from both domestic and global markets, sportswear manufacturer Nike Inc opened a massive store in Shanghai last month. Nike aims to attract digital-savvy younger Chinese consumers with its digital integration, innovations and personalized services.
“As the government has already lowered its value added tax on imports as well as taxes on vehicles and auto parts, medicines and consumer goods, the CIIE will help push more goods and services trade deals between Chinese and global companies,” said Sang Baichuan, a professor of international trade at the University of International Business and Economics in Beijing.
(China Daily European Weekly 11/09/2018 page28)