China’s export imperative is not a slogan. It is a macro constraint
In 2025, China reported a record goods trade surplus of nearly $1.2 trillion. As a back-of-the-envelope comparison, that net export flow is roughly equal to about 1% of the rest of the world’s GDP.China’s goods trade surplus in the Xi years 2013–2025Xi Jinping took power in late 2012. When domestic demand is soft and the…









